前沿拓展：防曬霜品牌理念
A heat health alert has been issued for parts of England, as the UK gets set for its hottest days of the year so far.
英格蘭部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)發(fā)布了高溫健康警報(bào)，因?yàn)橛鴮⒂瓉硪荒曛衅駷橹篃岬娜兆印?/span>
issue [???u?] n. 議題，爭論點(diǎn)；v. 發(fā)表 (聲明); 發(fā)出 (警告) get set 預(yù)備開始，準(zhǔn)備好開始Temperatures are forecast to reach 33C (91.4F) in parts of the south-east of England on Friday, as hot air spreads up from Spain, Portugal and north Africa.
隨著熱空氣從西班牙、葡萄牙和北非蔓延開來，周五英格蘭東南部部分地區(qū)的氣溫預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到 33 攝氏度（91.4 華氏度）。
forecast [?f??kɑ?st] v. 預(yù)測，預(yù)報(bào) （過去分詞 forecast或forecasted） spread up 傳播，蔓延People are advised to drink plenty of fluids, wear lightweight, light-coloured clothing, and a wide-brimmed hat, and to use a high-factor sunscreen.
人們被建議多喝水，穿輕便淺色衣服，戴寬邊帽，使用高防曬霜。
be advised to 被建議做某事 fluid [?flu??d] n. 流體，液體 lightweight [?la?twe?t] adj. 輕量的；淺薄的 light-coloured 淺色的 brim [br?m] n. 帽檐，帽邊 wide-brimmed 寬帽邊的 high-factor 高倍的 sunscreen [?s?nskri?n] n. 防曬霜 high-factor sunscreen 高防曬霜Most of us are familiar with sun protection factor (SPF), the big number on the front of your sunscreen bottle. The higher the number, the greater protection it offers.
我們大多數(shù)人都熟悉防曬系數(shù) (SPF)，即防曬霜瓶正面上的大數(shù)字。數(shù)字越高，它提供的保護(hù)就越強(qiáng)。
sun protection factor 防曬系數(shù)給從不用防曬霜的自己科普[捂臉]：SPF值，也就是我們平常說的防曬系數(shù)，是Sun Protection Factor的英文縮寫。 SPF后面的系數(shù)，指紫外線照射不致傷害肌膚的一個(gè)時(shí)間范圍，是根據(jù)低紅斑劑量來計(jì)算的。 一般說來，防曬霜SPF指數(shù)越高，所給予肌膚的保護(hù)時(shí)間越長，這是一個(gè)防曬保護(hù)的時(shí)間概念。 肌膚對日曬其實(shí)有一個(gè)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的時(shí)間。
Many brands also carry a five star rating too, and that might be just as important to understand.
許多防曬霜牌子上也有個(gè)五星等級，對于理解它的用也很重要。
rating [?re?t??] n. 等級，級別SPF tells you how much protection your sunscreen provides from UVB radiation. The star system tells you the percentage of UVA radiation that is absorbed by the sunscreen in comparison to how much UVB is absorbed.
SPF是告訴你防曬霜對紫外線B輻射的保護(hù)程度。星級系統(tǒng)是告訴你防曬霜吸收紫外線A輻射與吸收紫外線B的百分比。
UVB 中波紫外線（ultraviolet b） radiation [?re?di?e??n] n. 輻射，放射線 percentage [p??sent?d?] n. 百分比，百分率 UVA 長波紫外線（ultraviolet a） absorb [?b?z??b] v. 吸收 in comparison to 與……相比Ultraviolet A and B refer to different wavelengths of radiation from the sun that enter the earth's atmosphere.
紫外線A和B是指進(jìn)入地球大氣層的來自太陽的不同波長的輻射。
wavelength [?we?vle?kθ] n. [物] 波長UVA is associated with ageing of the skin and pigmentation as well as skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (the second most common type). It can affect human skin even through glass.
紫外線A（即長波紫外線）與皮膚老化、色素沉著以及皮膚癌，尤其是鱗狀細(xì)胞癌（第二常見的類型）有關(guān)。它甚至可以透過玻璃影響人體皮膚。
be associated with 與……有關(guān) ageing [?e?d???] n. 老化；變老，衰老 pigmentation [?p?ɡm(xù)en?te??n] n. 色素沉著 squamous [?skwe?m?s] adj. 鱗狀的；有鱗的 cell [sel] n. 細(xì)胞 carcinoma [?kɑ?s??n??m?] n. [腫瘤] 癌UVB causes sunburn, and is linked to particular types of skin cancer - basal cell carcinoma (the most common type) and malignant melanoma.
紫外線B（即中波紫外線）會導(dǎo)致皮膚曬傷，與特定類型的皮膚癌有關(guān)，即基底細(xì)胞癌（常見的類型）和惡性黑色素瘤。
sunburn [?s?nb??n] n. 曬傷 malignant [m??l?ɡn?nt] adj. 惡性的，致命的；惡毒的，惡意的 melanoma [?mel??n??m?] n. （腫瘤）黑素瘤Sunscreen doesn't stop all types of skin damage so for maximum protection, it's recommended to cover up and seek shade when the sun is strongest.
防曬霜并不能避免所有類型的皮膚損傷，因此為了獲得大程度的保護(hù)，建議在陽光強(qiáng)時(shí)遮擋皮膚并到陰涼底下。
recommend [?rek??mend] v. 建議，勸告 ；推薦 shade [?e?d] n. 背陰處，陰涼處
The SPF number on a bottle of sunscreen refers to how much UVB it allows in, not how much it blocks.
防曬霜瓶上的SPF（即防曬系數(shù)）值是指該防曬霜會讓多少紫外線B到達(dá)你皮膚，而不是它能阻擋多少。
A sunscreen with SPF 15 allows one-fifteenth of the sun's rays to reach your skin, or about 7%.
SPF為15的防曬霜會讓15分之一的太陽光線到達(dá)你的皮膚，即約 7%。
So it filters out about 93% percent of UVB rays while SPF 30 filters about 97%.
所以它過濾掉了大約93%的紫外線B射線，而SPF為30則會過濾掉大約 97%的紫外線。
filter [?f?lt?(r)] v. 過濾 filter out 過濾掉This means if you could stay in the sun for 10 minutes unprotected without burning, SPF 15 would in theory give you 15 times that protection, or two-and-a-half hours before you'd burn.這意味著，如果你可以在不受保護(hù)的情況下在陽光下待10分鐘而不會被曬傷，那理論上SPF 15 可以為你提供15倍的保護(hù)，或兩個(gè)半小時(shí)之后你才會被曬傷。
給你多少倍的…… give you XXX times that……The number of stars refers to the percentage of UVA absorbed as a ratio of how much UVB is absorbed. The scoring ranges from one to five stars, with five stars being the most effective.
星數(shù)是指防曬霜吸收的紫外線A與吸收的紫外線B的百分比。評分范圍從 1 星到 5 星，其中 5 星是有的。
ratio [?re??i??] n. 比率，比例 score [sk??(r)] n. （游戲或比賽中的）得分，比分；（測驗(yàn)的）評分，分?jǐn)?shù) range from 從……到……變動(dòng)，從……到……范圍A low SPF sunscreen could have a high star rating, because the ratio of UVA to UVB protection is the same as in a higher SPF product.
低SPF防曬霜可能具有高星級，因?yàn)樽贤饩€A與紫外線B防護(hù)的比率與高 SPF產(chǎn)品相同。
star rating 星級評分，星級評定Ideally, you want a sunscreen with a high SPF and a high star rating.
理想情況下，你想要一瓶高SPF和高星級的防曬霜。
Ideally [a??di??li] adv. 理想地；地
來自bbc
These levels of protection assume sunscreen has been applied in ideal conditions.
這些不同的防護(hù)級別是假設(shè)防曬霜已在理想條件下被使用。
assume [??sju?m] v. 假定，假設(shè)In reality, most people don't apply sunscreen perfectly, and it can rub off with sweat or while in water. Experts think most people only apply half the recommended quantity.
實(shí)際上，大多數(shù)人并沒有地使用防曬霜，它會被汗水或在水中的時(shí)候被擦掉。專家認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人只使用了推薦量的一半。
rub [r?b] v. 蹭，擦，揉 rub off 擦掉The British Association of Dermatologists says sunscreen with SPF 30 is a "satisfactory form of sun protection in addition to protective shade and clothing", and that it should be reapplied at least every two hours, no matter what its SPF.
英國皮膚科醫(yī)師協(xié)會表示，SPF 30的防曬霜是“除了防護(hù)罩和防護(hù)服之外，一種令人滿意的防曬選擇?！倍鵁o論SPF是多少，都應(yīng)至少每兩小時(shí)重新涂抹一次。
dermatologist [?d??m??t?l?d??st] n. 皮膚科醫(yī)生；皮膚學(xué)者EU guidance states that sunscreen should only be marketed as having sun protection of "50+" and not use the ratings of 80 or 100 which can be found in some countries.
歐盟指南規(guī)定，防曬霜只能以“50+”的防曬果銷售，而不應(yīng)使用某些或地區(qū)的80或100等級。
market v. 推銷，促銷；出售；n. 集市，市場No product provides protection from the sun's rays.
沒有產(chǎn)品能提供 的防曬保護(hù)。
There are lots of "extended wear" sunscreens on the market that advertise themselves as being for use "once a day". Many claim to offer protection for up to eight hours - if applied correctly.
市場上有很多“長”防曬霜，標(biāo)榜自己“每天只使用一次”。許多人聲稱如果使用正確，可以提供長達(dá)八小時(shí)的保護(hù)。
advertise themselves as 標(biāo)榜自己（學(xué)習(xí)這種表述）But some dermatologists recommend that these products should still be applied at least every two hours, like any other sunscreen.
但一些皮膚科醫(yī)生建議這些產(chǎn)品仍應(yīng)至少每兩個(gè)小時(shí)使用一次，就像其他防曬霜一樣。
A report in 2016 criticised these products for not living up to their claims. It found that after six to eight hours, the average protection offered decreased by 74%.
2016 年的一份報(bào)告批評這些產(chǎn)品沒有達(dá)到說過的要求。它發(fā)現(xiàn)，六到八小時(shí)后，這些產(chǎn)品提供的平均保護(hù)減少74%。
live up to 不辜負(fù)；做到；實(shí)踐
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拓展知識：防曬霜品牌理念
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